Cage type disintegrator with blade shaped impacting members, particularly suited forprocessing hard materials



Nov. 19, 1968 N 3,411,724

CAGE TYPE DISINTEGRATOR WITH BLADE SHAPED IMPACTING MEMBERS, PARTICULARLY'SUITED FOR PROCESSING HARD MATERIALS Filed May 16, 1966 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 19, 1968 1.. NOE 3,411,724

CAGE TYPE DISINTEGRATOR WITH BLADE, SHAPED IMPACTING MEMBERS, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR PROCESSING HARD MATERIALS Filed May 16, 1966 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 13 W I I 2 'fi 4 mvsmon Luigi Noe.

ATTORNEYS Nov. 19, 1968 L. NOE 3,411,724

CAGE TYPE DISINTEGRATOR WITH BLADE SHAPED IMPACTING I MEMBERS, PARTICULARLY SUITED FOR PROCESSING HARD MATERIALS Filed May 16, 1966 s Sheets-Sheet s mvsmon Luigi NM A ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,411,724 CAGE TYPE DISINTEGRATOR WITH BLADE SHAPED IMPACTING MEMBERS, PARTICU- LARLY SUITED FOR PROCESSING HARD MATERIALS Luigi No, Milan, Italy, assignor to Sviluppo Silicalcite S.p.A., Milan, Italy Filed May 16, 1966, Ser. No. 550,360

Claims priority, application Italy, May 29, 1965,

11,999/65; July 8, 1965, 15,271/65; Feb. 28,

10 Claims. (Cl. 241-188) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a cage type disintegrator having concentric rows of supported impacting members, the improvement comprising impacting members in the Shape of blades, which blades are individually afiixed at least at one of their ends to a corresponding support member, and which blades are individually angled toward their direction of rotation at an angle of from 5 to 55 between each active blade surface and the plane perpendicular to the radial plane containing the corner of said active surface in closest relationship to the axis of rotation. The active surfaces of the said blades are preferably substantially concave.

The present invention relates to a cage type disintegrator, the impacting means of which consist of blades assembled in concentric rows and which are angled towards the direction of rotation, so that a more efficient disintegrating action is developed. Moreover, the particular angular positioning of the blades permits of the estab lishment and maintenance during operation of a protective layer of the material undergoing disintegration upon the active surfaces of the blades. The disintegrator of this invention is particularly suited for the processing of granulated and/or powdery materials having hard structures, either dry or wet, such as, for example, sand or mixtures containing sand, and which ultimately can be used for the production of building materials.

According to one embodiment of this invention, the disintegrator blades are preferably concave at their active surfaces, which concavity permits of the more ready formation and maintenance upon the blades of the protective layer created by the material undergoing treatment in the disintegrator, as hereinbefore mentioned, and, consequently, protecting the disintegrator blades from the effects of wear.

Known cage type disintegrators have impact means consisting of cylindrical bars, plates or pegs of different cross sections, placed in concentric rows. These disintegrators, however, due to the wear suffered by their impact members, can effectively treat soft or semi-hard materials only. When treating hard materials therewith as, for example, sand or mixtures containing sand for the production of building materials or granulated ores, they exhibit the disadvantage of requiring frequent maintenance, as their impact means must be repaired or replaced only after a few hours of service. Moreover, effective disintegrating itself decreases during the machine operation, thus giving rise to further practical and economic disadvantages.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a cage type disintegrator having more durable impact means. For example, in the comminution of a sandlime wet mixture, carried out with a disintegrator according to this invention, it is possible to let the machine run for a very long time, not less than 8 hours, without the necessity for the repair and/ or replacement of the impacting members.

The marked decrease in abrasive wear of all of the impacting members affords, furthermore, negligible pollution of the processed material, due to the material out of which the disintegrator blades are constructed. This latter phenomenon is particularly important when dealing with materials that must be kept substantially entirely pure.

Another object of this invention is to permit the longer continuous operation of the disintegrator, consequently affording practical and economic advantages in continuous processes.

Yet another object is to attain the same degree of disintegration with impacting means of considerably lower weights, and to provide a disintegrator requiring less power to run.

A still further object is to provide disintegrating efficiency and uniformity throughout the entire operation of the disintegrator. These and other advantages are attained by a cage type disintegrator with impacting means placed in concentric rows and consisting of blades fixed at least at one end to a revolving support member, the blades of every row being angled towards the direction of rotation in such a way that each active blade surface forms an angle of from 5 to 55 with the plane perpendicular to the radial plane containing the corner of said active surface in closest position to the axis of rotation; and driving and connecting means being provided for the actuation of the blade support members.

The present invent-ion will now become more apparent by means of the following description with reference to the enclosed drawings wherein the same numerals designate equal or equivalent parts, and in which FIG. 1 schematically depicts a longitudinal section, taken in the direction of the axis of rotation, of a disintegrator according to a particular embodiment in accordance with this invention,

FIG. 2 schematically depicts a cross section of FIG. 1, along line 22,

FIGS. 3 to 7 schematically depict impact blades sections transverse to the axis of rotation, these blades being particular embodiments according to this invention,

FIG. 8 schematically depicts the cross-section of an impact blade arranged in angled position on an annular row of blades,

FIG. 9 schematically depicts a section of an annular blade support member taken along a sectional plane perpendicular to the cage rotation axis and passing through said annular member.

Referring to the above drawings, it can be seen that the disintegrator according to this invention consists of four concentrically assembled rows, or cages, of blades with substantially rectangular shape 1 (FIG. 1). The blades of each row are attached at their ends by means of screws, often omitted in the drawings for simplicity, to a pair of concentric and parallel annular plates or rings 3, 3.

The blades of the most internal row have an end secured at 3' and the other end fixed at hub 4. Spokes 5 connect two alternate blade supporting rings radially. Connection with rings 3' is made by screws through suitable spacers 6. A supporting shoulder in the form of an annular plate 7 is secured at hub 4.

Hub 4, spokes 5, the corresponding concentric rows of blades and all other parts unitedly assembled set up the disintegrators inner rotor.

Number 8 denotes the spokes radially connecting the remaining annular rows of blades together, similar to the above specified arrangement. These spokes are in turn screw fixed to ring shaped plate 9 fastened to hub 10. Hub 10, plate 9, spokes 8 and all other parts unitarily assembled set up the disintegrators outer rotor. Hubs 4 and 10 rotate through two in-line positioned shafts operated by motors not shown in the drawings for the sake of simplicitity.

All pairs of rings 3, 3 lay in some planes perpendicular to the rotation axis of both rotor assemblies and are also coplanar with ring 3' and hub 4 of the most internal row of blades. By such an arrangement, the material fed by means of a chute not shown in the drawing, between hub 4 and the most internal row of blades 1, is hurled outwardly as an effect of consecutive impacts against blades 1 without leakage from annular rings 3 and 3', which have a very small interstice 31.

Such an arrangement of rings 3 and 3 permits the homogenous operation on all the material fed into the disintegrator.

Blades 1 are placed along their concentric circumferences (FIG. 2), with the active surface angle towards the direction of rotation, in such a way as to form an angle or with plane 11 (FIG. 8) perpendicular to radial plane 20 containing corner 21, of blade 1 in the closest position to the axis of rotation this affords efficacious and uniform disintegrating action and permits the formation and maintenance of a protective layer of the material undergoing treatment during disintegrator operation.

Because of the formation of this layer, the effects of impact are manifested predominantly at the surface of the formed layer, and, consequently wearing of the blades is reduced to a great extent.

It has been found that in order to obtain the above mentioned efiicient and uniform disintegrating action, angle a must be kept from between 5 and 55, and preferably from between 20 and 30".

FIG. 3 shows a section of rectangular blade 1 with a flat active surface, according to a particular embodiment of this invention.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7 depict other alternatives of the blades of this invention. Active surface 13 of blades 1 can be reinforced at its outer area 15 (FIG. 8), parallel to the axis of rotation, by a member 14 preferably made out of hard material, for example, Widia-steel, stellite, titanium carbide, alloy steel and others with anti-wear properties. This member longitudinally extends for the length of the entire blade and constitutes the external edge 17 (FIG. 8) either fully (FIGS. 4 and 5) or partially (FIG. 6).

The inner area 16 and edge 18 (FIG. 8) of blade 1 can either be reinforced (FIGS. 5 and 6) or not (FIG. 4) by a similar strengthening member 19 made out of hard material.

As shown in the figures, the reinforcing member protrudes preferably from the active surface 13 of the blade, consequently allowing easier and steadier formation of the protecting layer, as an incident of the substantial cavity of surface 13. This particular embodiment supplies the further advantage of constant disintegration accuracy. Reinforcements 14 and 19 have longitudinal end edges preferably chamfered, as evidenced in the cited figures.

Surfaces of reinforcements 14 and 19 can, however, also be coplanar with surface 13 and have no chamfered edges.

FIG. 7 depicts a further form of blade patterned in a way that the active surface 13 is substantially concave with longitudinal end edges preferably rounded.

In the case of blades having an active surface 13 substantially concave the ideal surface joining the edges of said blade must be intended as the active blade surface in respect of which the angle a is calculated.

According to a preferred embodiment of this invention (FIG. 9), the transverse dimension of the blades is such that the end points of their sections, cut along the planes containing the above said annular support members and perpendicularly placed with respect to the cage rotation axis, substantially and respectively lay at the circumferences which define, inwardly and outwardly of said disintegrator, said annular support members of said blades.

The above permits of the reduction, with the same disintegrating effect of the total number of required impacti-ng blades and to obtain a further reduction of the wear suffered by the disintegrator.

In fact, it has been noted that the wear suffered by the disintegrator metal parts substantially occurs, as far as blades are concerned, along the inner and outer edges of the same.

This important observation led, therefore, to the realization that the wear of the blades substantially depends only on the number of blades, not on their sectional dimensioning along a plane perpendicular to the cage rotation axis.

In FIG. 9 a blade 1 is shown whose transverse dimension substantially coincides, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, with the width of the annular support member 3 (or 3) in the direction of the angle a. of the blade; i.e., the end points 21 and 22 of the corner sections, or points of top overall dimension of the blade, lay as the figure shows, on the two circumferences that limit, one 23 outwardly and another 24 inwardly, with respect to the axis of rotation 0, the ring or support mem her 3. In the same FIGURE 9 a section of blade 1 is shown by a dotted line, which represents a blade according to this invention but having its transverse dimension less than the width of the annular support member 3 in the direction of angle a of the blade.

It must be noted that in the two embodiments of this invention shown in FIGURE 9, corresponding or equivalent parts are indicated by the same numerals, either with or without superscripts.

The superior efficiency of the embodiment previously indicated to be preferred, is clearly shown in following Table 1 wherein results achieved by means of distinctive tests are recorded.

For the performance of such tests a disintegrator of the type shown in FIGURES 1 and 2 was used and submitted to two consecutive test cycles, one with equipment having blades formed corresponding to embodiment 1' ('FIG. 9) with angle openings varying as in the following table, and another with equipment having blades corresponding to preferred embodiment 1 (FIG. 9) with the same angle openings.

Particularly, the disintegrator had two counter-rotating cages, one consisting of a hub and two pairs of rings or annular support members, the other of a hub and a single pair of rings which rotated between the two first mentioned pairs with counterdirected movement, and having the following assembly dimensions:

radius of hubs: 89 mm.

lst interstice: 4 mm.

width of the first pair of rings: 40 mm. 2nd interstice: 4 mm.

width of the second pair of rings: mm. 3rd interstice: 4 mm.

width of the third pair of rings: 46 mm.

pair, 16 on the 2nd pair, 18 on the 3rd pair. The second test cycle was carried out with half the number of blades (22) distributed in the same order among the ring pairs: 5 placed on the lst pair, 8 on the 2nd pair, 9 on the 3rd pair; the sectional length of the active surface 15' of each blade was equal for the first test cycle and corresponded to the maximum possible length complying with the arrangement object of this invention, less than a angle,

as above specified, being, on the contrary, the sectional shown in the drawings: sand, 85%; lime, 15%; moisture, length of the active surface 15 of each blade variable in 28%. the second test cycle, according to the angle opening value The disintegrator features were: capacity t./hr.; and corresponding to the maximum possible for each three concentric rows of blades numerically equaling angle opening value, in accordance with this invention. 5 6, 9 and 12, respectively, from the inner to the outer row; Other conditions and test data can be summarized as angle opening a of the blades ranging from 26 for the follows: inner to 24 for the outer blades; diameter of the outer (a) Sand: 95% SiO dried'at constant weight. circumference of blades 9 64 mm.; radial distance of (b) Mixture: sand and lime. Hydrated lime with CaO blades circumferences 102 mm.; transverse dimension of activity of 65% was used. 10 blades 101 mm., longitudinal dimension of same 110 mm. The machine functioned, with both rotors running at a icontent, 84% by weight speed of 1,500 r.p.m., for 90 hours, supplying eflicient ime content. 16% by weight and uniform disintegrating actlon, and requiring no stop moisture of mixture. 7%

to repalr impact means. A similar testcarr1ed out with Y P 3/ 325 a disintegrator equipped with cylindrically shaped im- All tests involved aireatment of sand only, conformpact means with diameter equal to that of the circuming to Point which had b6 mixed, after disinteference, ascribed to the transverse section of the blades grating, the Production of building material according used in the previous test-had to be stopped after five t0 Q lfi excfiption having n m hours, as a consequence of function inefficiency. for tests aiming to ascertain the consistence of the pro- 20 E l 2 tection layer formed which were carried out on a sandxamp e lime mixture with characteristics the same as specified at A disintegrator with six rows of blades, radially dis- Point (b). tanced 56 mm. among themselves, was submitted to a Table l specifically compares, as to these two test function test. The outer circumference row of blades had cycles, the values of the absolute specific surfaces ata diameter of 1052 mm. The inner circumference row tained (in cm. g.) and the unit consistence, per cm. of included six blades angled a=26, the second and third total impact blade surface, of the thickness of the protecrows had each seven blades angle 04:26 and 25 retion layer formed (gr./cm. as a function of the blade 'spectively, fourth and fifth rows had each eight blades angular positioning in accordance with that above speciangled 11:25 and 24 respectively. The outer row infied, and of the total number of blades equipping the dis- 30 cluded nine blades angled oc=24. integrator in each test. The transverse dimension of the blades Was 71 mm., By a perusal of the following table, it becomes clearwhile the longitudinal dimension was 110 mm. The outly evident that the specific surface obtained, other values put of the machine was 10t/ h. being equal, depends on the blade angle opening; it is The following materials were fed into said disintealso possible to see that the values of the specific surface grator: sand, 80%; lime, 20%; moisture, 28%. achieved are better for a blade angle setting range of The disintegrator ran with full efiiciency for 60 hours from 20 to 30. with both rotors revolving at 1,500 r.p.m.

Achieved specific surface Total number of blades Protection layer in cmfl/gr. Blade angle setting,

degrees Blades posi- Blades posi- Position- Position- GrJcm. of totally Gr./cm.' of totally tioned 1' tioned 1 ing 1 ing 1 impacted surface impacted surface under positioning 1 under positioning 1 It can also be remarked that the specific surfaces Example 3 achieved with blades of typef 1 are cqmpareible with the The following materialszsand, 80%; lime, 20%; moistones recorded by comparative tests 1n WlllCh the total we, 15% aluminium powder, 03 kg/L of dry mixture; Fa of blades sj 1S half number of blades were fed into a disintegrator equipped with four rows of p 16 or correspon l comparatlve tests blades. The output of the machine was 9.5 t./hr.; the In fact protectlve layer firmed durmg. tests number of blades was 6 inthe inner circumference, seven med out Wlth blades type 1 is more conslsient in the second, eight in the third and nine in the outer one. consquenfly m efiiment than the cinmspondmg layer The inner row had a diameter of 497 mm., the radial obtained 1n comparative tests. Summmg up, 511.611 P interspace between the circumference of two neighbourferred dlmfinslomng afijordmg comparable speclfic ing rows was 87.1 mm., while the diameter of the cirfaces permlt s the reduclmflf the total number of blafies cumference ascribed to the transverse section of each concomltfim reductlon m Wear Such lattfir reducuon blade was 118 mm. and the longitudinal dimension of the being further improved by the better protection afforded blades was 110 y layer of f i i to which h advantages of The blades were angles at 26 to 24 from inner to f Strum" a1 slmphclty and mechanlcal emclency are outer position. Both rotors were actuated at 900 r.p.m. to fi The disintegrator functioned in a fully efficient man- To Illustrate further the prqsent mvqntlon and the ner for hours when equipped with Widia-steel reinf j h the following Speclfic examPles are forced blades and for 8 hours with blades having no reg1ven, 1t bemg understood thatthese are merely intended inforcing member against the four Service hours pen to belnustratlve and nothmltatwe' 7 0 mitted by similar disintegrators with cylindrical bars.

Example 1 As many variations of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is The following materials (in this and in the following to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples, percentages are given in weight of dry mixture) specific embodiments thereof, except as defined in the apwere continuously fed to a disintegrator the same as that 75 pended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a cage type disintegrator having concentric rows of supported impacting members, the improvement comprising impacting members in the shape of blades, which blades are individually afiixed at least at one of their ends to a corresponding support member, and which blades are individually angled toward their direction of rotation at an angle of from 5 to 55 between each active blade surface and the plane perpendicular to the radial plane containing the corner of said active surface in closest relationship to the axis of rotation.

2. The cage type disintegrator of claim 1, wherein the blades are individually angled toward their direction of rotation at an angle of from 20 to 30.

3. The cage type disintegrator of claim 1, wherein the blades are individually angled toward their direction of rotation at an angle of from 24 to 26.

4. The cage type disintegrator of claim 1, wherein the active surfaces of the said blades are substantially concave.

5. The cage type disintegrator of claim 1, wherein the outer edges of the said blades parallel to their axis of rotation are provided with reinforcing means.

6. The cage type disintegrator of claim 5, wherein the reinforcing means are selected from the group consisting 7. The cage type disintegrator of claim 1, wherein both the inner and outer edges of said blades parallel to their axis of rotation are provided with reinforcing means.

8. The cage typedisintegrator of claim 7, wherein the reinforcing means are selected from the group consisting of Widia-steel, stellite, titanium carbide and alloy steel.

9. The cage type disintegrator of claim 5, wherein the reinforcing means protrude from the activesurface of the said blades to provide a substantially concave active surface.

10. The cage type disintegrator of claim 7, wherein the reinforcing means protrude from the active surface of the said blades to provide a substantially concave active surface. i

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,772,974 8/1930 White 241-188 X FOREIGN PATENTS 267,293 11/1913 Germany. 285,830 5/1929 Great Britain.

59,814 5/1942 Denmark.

# ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.

20 of Widia-steel, stellite, titanium carbide and alloy steel.

FRANK T. YOST, Assistant Examiner. 

